Behavior and Factors Causing Plagiarism Among Undergraduate Students in Accomplishing the Coursework on Religion Education Subject

The objectives of this study were to analyze the behavior and causal factors of plagiarism among the undergraduate students in accomplishing their coursework in Islamic religion subject. The study used methods combination of qualitative and quantitative research or Exploratory mixed methods designs. Qualitative data were taken from 15 papers of group works in the subjects of Islamic religion, while quantitative data were taken using questionnaires towards 80 students who are taking course in Islamic religion at State University of Padang (UNP). Data taken from papers of groupwork were analyzed thematically with method of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and taking conclusion, while questionnaires were analyzed descriptively using SPSS software version 18.0 for Windows.Results of the document analysis found that there are three forms of behavior of student plagiarism in accomplishing the coursework, first: by quoting the entire writings of the other person without mentioning the source, second: by quoting part / half of the text/writings of others, third: by quoting the writing of others then converted into their own statements. While there are eight factors that cause plagiarism which are: not understand about plagiarism, the student’s instant culture in accomplishing academic tasks, the high volume of academic tasks given by lecturers, students’ low interest in reading, not enough time to find the answer in the book, the ease of Information Technology, low purchasing power and lack of knowledge in how to write a scientific papers.


Introduction
One of the premium credits in scientific works is the degree of originality or the authenticity. According to Sowden (2005) at least there are four conditions must be possessed by scientific work: authenticity, quality, objectivity, and honesty. The term 'authentic' does not mean that all of ideas, inspirations, and knowledge presented in one's scientific paper are all derived from themselves, but rather on the honesty in presenting the writings. So ethically in a scientific paper, if a word, sentence, paragraph, idea, inspiration, or opinion which presented were cited from someone else's property (sourced from the text/ writings of others) then the writer should honestly and objectively mention the source of the text/writing where the quotation was taken.
Plagiarism comes from the Latin words plagiarius which means kidnapper and plagium which means kidnapping. The word was first introduced by the Roman poet, Marcus Valerius Martialis, in the first century AD. At that moment he complained about another poem whose words were the same as he had made.
In 1601, the Latin word was incorporated into English by Ben Johnson into plagiarism (Sowden, 2005: 228). By looking at the word root, it is clear that in the writing of academic reports, the plagiarism contains an element of intellectual fraud, because of the forced extraction of words/ideas without the owner's permission (Carroll, 2002).
While Harris (2001), Culwin and Lancaster (2001) explain plagiarism as follows: Plagiarism is presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own, with or without their consent, by incorporating it into your work without full acknowledgement. All published and unpublished material, whether in manuscript, printed  According to Culwin and Lancaster (2001) there are seven characteristics of plagiarism: admitting someone' writings as their own, admitting other people's ideas as their own, admitting someone else findings as belong to themselves, admitting the group work as self-property or self-produced, presenting same writing in different occasions without mentioning their originated, summarizing and paraphrasing (indirect quotation) without mentioning the source, summarizing and paraphrasing with mention the source but the sentences sequence and the diction still too similar to the source.  (Zalnur, 2012).
The case of plagiarism as mentioned previously is inline with the study results of Blum's (2011) which concludes that, the act of plagiarism (plagiarizing) The authors expected this research will broaden students' knowledge about plagiarism.

Literatur Review
Previous researcher (Hart & Friesner, 2004) states that the high rate of plagiarism in the academic community nowadays is proof that intellectuals such as students, professors, teachers, professionals were no longer uphold the principles of honesty and ethics in creating their original scientific work.
The act of plagiarism in the academic community does not only occurred in academic community at Asian countries, especially Indonesia, but also occurred in academic community of America and Europe. As example, the studies conducted by Glendinning (2014) and Pupovac et al. (2008), the results concluded that the research towards undergraduate students found that 30% of all respondents have conducting plagiarism in accomplishing their coursework.
And the other 70% have ever conducted plagiarism in varied forms such as, taking the work of others, taking the main idea of another person's which then

Method
This research used combination of qualitative and quantitative method or better known as Exploratory mixed method design. According to Creswell (2009) this method is very appropriate to use if a researcher want to take research data with qualitative approach and quantitative approach. While Morse (2016) describes the method can also help researchers to understand the problem deeply and more complex, because the data were taken with two approaches.
Data source in the first stage was taken through content analysis towards forty (40) of student coursework (papers) of group work. Furthermore, data of the second stage was taken through a questionnaire distributed to eighty (80) students who were taking courses in Islamic religion subject at the State University of Padang (UNP). Data of the first stage was analyzed by thematic analysis, while data of the second stage was analyzed with descriptive statistics using SPSS software 18.0 for Windows. According to Thompson (2004), Gay and Mills, (2015) descriptive analysis is one of the most appropriate method to obtain, classify and analyze data in quantitative research.

Result
For more details, in this section the authors will describe the general results of analysis as based on research objectives. First: an analysis of the form of behavior of student plagiarism in accomplishing the coursework of Islamic religion subject. Second: analysis of factors causing plagiarism behavior among students.

Form of Students' Plagiarism Behavior in Accomplishing the Coursework on Islamic Religion Subject.
Based on data of fifteen (15)  coursework. In other words, the students directly copied the other people text/writings from online media such as website with slightest change of the redaction, or copied it all. The first form of behavior is the most often type performed by most students. Based on the results of the data analysis, the authors found that the students take the text/writing from electronic media such as internet obtained easily through various websites and blogs. Other obvious evidence of this type of plagiarism behavior is, there are discrepancies in the type and size of letters used in the submitted paper, showing evidence that the text/writing is not typed directly or manually by the students but it were copied and pasted from various sources. Therefore it is not surprisingly that there are many punctuation errors and spelling, because the writing is not edited, so it is still like when the student took it from the internet.
Second, is to quote some/half of the text/writing of others. Plagiarism behavior by taking some of the text/writing of others is also commonly practice among students in accomplishing the coursework. Although they are not take the entire text/writing like the first behavior, but scientifically the acts still categorized as plagiarism behavior.
Third: in accomplishing the coursework, the form of plagiarism behavior often done by the students is by quote the writing of others then converted into their own statements. In this category, modifying the other people's text /writings is done by removing some of the ideas, inspiration and the concept of the taken text/writings to change the diction, so it will look like as written by the author himself.  If the data closely observed, then it could be explained that from the five factors, three factors that cause plagiarism behavior actually comes from inside the students themselves namely: Low purchasing power for buying books, the Low interest in reading and lack of knowledge in how to write scientific papers.
Strictly speaking, the students were lack of motivation and learning spirit towards academic subject. Furthermore, two factors which are caused by out of the student control namely: High volume of coursework from lecturers and the Ease of Information Technology facilities which simplified to take materials from the internet in accomplishing academic task. An also interesting fact that we found in this study is, the students unknowledgeable about plagiarism not actually the factor that causes the behavior, because many respondents (40.0%) stated that they know the plagiarism issues and it's malicious. While the factors of Not enough time to solve coursework with books (58.8%) and Instant culture of students in accomplishing academic coursework (60.0%) is also significant factors that contributed for the students plagiarism behavior, though it is not high in percentage.

Discussion
The research findings have clearly demonstrated that there were plagiarisms among students in accomplishing religion education subject. The behavior clearly could be classified into three forms of plagiarisms, first: by quoting the entire writings of the other person without mentioning the source, second: by quoting part/half of the text/writings of others, third: by quoting the writing of others then converted into their own statements.
Based on the results of this research, in psychological theories, the behavior of stealing the other works or other people's text or writings as conducted by the students could be classified into a form of deviant behavior and even also considered immoral (Dreher, 2007 purposes." In addition to the personality type mentioned above, the character possessed by someone is also suspected for the deviant behavior as well as plagiarism. As we know that values are beliefs which related as what is perceived to be important to a person. If an individual believes that the material value can overcome anything, then its behavior will be directed to the achievement of that value. That way, the individual will direct all his efforts to realize the aspired values.
When associated with this study results, though the form of plagiarism actions undertaken by students are still just to fulfill the needs in coursework, but the author see this behavior is the first step for the student to re-do plagiarism behavior on other academic coursework such as mini-thesis, thesis or even dissertation. The results of this research are supported by previous study such as (Breen, & Maassen, 2005;Hart & Friesner, 2004: Harris, 2001: and Carroll, 2002Damri, Engkizar, and Anwar, 2017 In fact, a student can search for anything he want just by entering a few words into "the google" , and instantly all the information will come out and could be take in various ways. Even today there are so many websites that offering services for making paper, mini-theses, theses, dissertations and other scientific papers such as researchpaper.com, term papers-on-file.com. Other factors which also lead the students to instant culture and 'cut and paste' behavior includes; the high volume of coursework from lecturers, students' low interest in reading, not enough time to solve coursework with books.
In the end, it is certainly not easy to instantly inhibit and eradicate the plagiarism behavior. Since this issue is more related to personal integrity, ideally the student as an academic entity should avoid such deviant and immoral behavior. The plagiarism behavior should be eliminated in the scientific community, because it will ultimately harm the parties who conduct it and the victim parties over his right for intellectual wealth.

Conclusion
This study has revealed the forms of behavior and factors causing the occurrence of plagiarism among undergraduate students in accomplishing the coursework in religion education subject. There are three forms of plagiarism behaviors undertaken by students that are, to quote the entire writings of the other person without mentioning the source, quoting half of the text/writing of