Professional Mosque Management Model Based on Religious and Academic Activities in the Community

This study aims to analyze how the Al Bariyah Mosque is managed as a professional mosque model in the community of Hajimena Natar village, South Lampung, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The research was carried out using a qualitative method with a case study approach (single-case study). Sources of data were taken to several informants through in-depth interviews. The writer also took data by observation and document analysis to strengthen the interview data. All data were then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman technique with the stages of collecting, reducing, and analyzing data and drawing conclusions. Overall, the research findings found three forms of the Al Bariyah Mosque management process so that it becomes a professional mosque; the three approaches are i) direct supervision starting from planning to an evaluation of activities by mosque administrators, ii) involving the community activities in every planned mosque activity, iii) establishing a transparent, professional, and accountable mosque management. The findings in the study can be used as an example for other mosque administrators to manage mosques professionally in the community.


Introduction
The mosque is one of the simple buildings where Prophet Muhammad SAW received the holy verses of the Quran that were memorized, then recorded and understood, and recited to his people who became our guide throughout time (Ramdane & Souad, 2017;Ridwanullah & Herdiana, 2018). The mosque became the centre of the meeting of the Prophet Muhammad SAW with friends discussing ways for guidance and study in the development of community management from matters of a general to unique nature regarding society, ranging from religious aspects to the welfare of the people (Rahman, 2018;Daulay, 2019). Mosques today have an institutional role and function with a relatively modern and accountable management concept. According to Kurniawan, (2014) the contemporary era of mosques experienced the degradation of roles and tasks during the time of the Prophet Muhammad, and mosques became centres of all activities. Many takers take care of the management model, and teenagers also participate in prospering mosques; teenagers are in charge of youth activities related to the community, such as proselytizing, education, and others (Egidiasafitri et al., 2018;Mannuhung et al., 2018).
In its development, the management of mosques provides positive values to reflect the development potential of Muslims (Suhaimi et al., 2014;Rifai, 2020). The mosque's management is managed by active administrators, in this case, Muslims who are takwa experts and have exemplary professionalism (Muslim, 2004;Ridwanullah & Herdiana, 2018).
Mosque administrators can work full-time, not for the rest of their health time, so as not to affect the duties of the mosque, which should be appropriately managed (Sulaiman et al., 2008;Rizqia, 2020). The existing mosque administrators only have more free time and are assisted by khadim with limited abilities (Sutarmadi, 2001;Loimeier, 2003;Khan, 2014). For this reason, it is necessary to restore the function of the mosque as the Messenger of Allah has exemplified, just as the mosque can be managed by a person who understands management (Rifa'i & Fakhruroji, 2005;Miharja et al., 2018;Allahham, 2019). Judging from the process of managing mosques, Khalifa: Journal of Islamic Education :: Volume 6, Number 2, September 2022/1444 P-ISSN : 2541-6588 ; E-ISSN : 2549-4783 many of which are built using magnificent and beautiful designs referring to modern buildings, it requires a lot of costs (Rifa'i & Fakhruroji, 2005;Verkaaik, 2012;Haraty & Utaberta, 2018). This means that the growth of mosques is increasingly less balanced with the implementation of mosque management systems because many are managed traditionally and are lacking in implementing professional and modern mosques (Jannah, 2016;Sholihah & Zaenurrosyid, 2021).
Indonesia has many widespread mosques, from small to medium to large (Sutrisno & Prijadi, 2013). Mosques are also often categorized based on the environment, such as academic, tourist, economic, rest area, and grand mosques. The research will be used as an object of an academic-based mosque, namely the Al Bariyah Mosque, because lecturers and students manage the geographical location of the mosque, and the activities in the mosque are in the form of student activities such as Islamic studies or places of worship of the community around (Egidiasafitri et al., 2018). Academic-based mosque management with religious, educational, or social activities requires professional management (Chowdhury et al., 2011;Ali, 2013;Selby, 2016;Tsourlaki, 2020). Thus, in increasing community empowerment, cooperation is built between takmir administrators and the community around the mosque so that the managed mosque becomes prosperous. One of the means of proselytizing, Masjid Al Bariyah has a mission as a mosque that provides facilities and infrastructure for the worship community. Today's society must be an agent of development or change wherein society can take the initiative to start a process of social activity to improve one's situation and condition through participation (Dunn, 2005;Qadaruddin et al., 2016). Some research on mosque management has been researched, including research by Egidiasafitri et al., (2018) with the title of functionalization of the control of takmir masjid jami' baiturrahman in an effort to prosper the mosque, which focuses on the research on the functionalization of management by the takmir of Jami' Baiturrahman Mosque to thrive the mosque. Then research Hartati, (2021) about the mosque management strategy in serving worshippers at PT Kahatex, focusing on the mosque management process with the division of labour and with the organizational picture.
Research Setiawan & Rifa'i, (2018) about the management of the Istiqomah mosque in improving the community's religious activities, with a focus on research on the planning process carried out by the istiqomah mosque administrators, organizing, implementing, and supervising.
From the initial observations made by researchers, the management applied by the Al Bariyah Hajimena Mosque in increasing community empowerment. Based on these preliminary data, the author directs the focus of research on the critical role of academic-based mosque management in improving community empowerment through the process of planning, organizing, mobilizing, and supervising activities to build cooperation with the community, so that all assignment carried out by mosque takmirs can run effectively and efficiently.

Literature Review
Researchers suggest academic-based mosque management and community empowerment. The process of community empowerment is undoubtedly good management and management in it. Exceptional management in planning, organizing, directing, and supervising is carried out to determine and achieve predetermined targets by utilizing human resources and other resources (Hasibuan, 2007(Hasibuan, , 2011. Research Rachman, (2015) explained that careful planning of mosque management would not go perfectly, without someone running and moving, without being clarified the work and who would do it. This is reinforced in the research of Utama et al., (2018) the prosperity of the mosque is not only limited to physical development in a beautiful and magnificent state but must also be supported by the development of a broader understanding of the function and role of the mosque as an Islamic social institution (Ghasemi et al., 2019;Bin Fadzil et al., 2020). In management, of course, good governance is also needed in the direction of the mosque itself. Handoko, (2009) argues that leadership is basically defined as working with people to determine, interpret, and in achieving organizational goals with the implementation or application of the functions of control it is necessarily related to a good management process. Self-management of art through others in getting things done. As explained by Handoko, (2009) management is necessary for three reasons, as follows: i) To achieve the goals; ii) Management is necessary to maintain a conflicting balance between the goals, objectives, and activities of interested persons in the organization; iii) To achieve efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, realizing the desired goals, management means regulating several elements of 6M, namely, men, money, methods, materials, machines, and markets (Munir & Zakiyah, 2017). Specifically for the context of mosque management, according to Suherman, (2012) there are functions of planning, organizing, empowering human resources, mobilizing, identifying, integrating, and evaluating. In the management of mosques, the six elements must be managed synergistically and sustainably to produce positive and effective performance (mechanisms) (Miharja et al., 2018). Abidin, (2015) actuating as an effort to raise enthusiasm and direct members of the organization to achieve goals sincerely in accordance with the planning and organizing efforts on the part of the manager. Controlling serves to find faults; however, the control function can avoid changes and errors and their repairs (Egidiasafitri et al., 2018). In the process in the field, of course, this cannot be separated from the process of empowering good human resources to be able to carry out their tasks (Haris, 2014;Isik & Hasan, 2021: Zen et al., 2022. Empowerment is a process and goal, the arrangement of activities to strengthen the power or empowerment of a vulnerable group in the community environment, including the poverty experienced by each individual (Hatu, 2010). In the management of mosques, the existence of mosques must provide positive benefits for the empowerment of the surrounding community (Miharja et al., 2018). According to have self-confidence, can convey aspirate, participate in social activities, have livelihoods and be independent in carrying out their duties (Suharto, 2014). An everchanging society of cohesion lives because of the processes of an organization that cause that change (Harahap, 2018).

Method
This research was carried out at one of the Mosques (Al Bariyah) located in the village of Hajimena Natar, South Lampung, Lampung Province, Indonesia.
Furthermore, the author uses a qualitative method with a case study approach (singlecase study) in carrying out this study. According to Sugiyono, (2017); Engkizar et al., Referring to the opinions above it is related to the issues and problems that the author raised in this study, this type of research is very appropriate to use.
The source of the data was taken to several informants through in-depth interviews. All informants were selected using purposive sampling techniques.
According to Rahawarin et al., (2020); Elkhaira et al., (2020); Engkizar et al., (2021), the selection of informants must meet four criteria, namely still being active in the field being studied, having competence related to the problem under study, being willing to take the time to provide information to the researcher, and honestly providing information in accordance with the facts that occur in the field. The authors also took the data by observing and analyzing documents to strengthen the interview date.
After the interview is completed, it is taken to all informants, the process of transcription of the interview data is carried out, and then the themes are taken according to the purpose and needs of the research data. According to Clarke & Braun, (2018); , Thematic analysis is one of the analytical techniques that researchers can use in analyzing the interview results so that they can be clearly seen and easily understood by readers. The entire process of the thematic analysis above was diagnosed with Miles and Huberman techniques with the stages of data collection, reduction and research, as well as a conclusion.  Bariyah mosque, the loan of the place was not approved. However, if the examination has been approved, therefore the community who applies for a place loan can carry out their activities. This is done because it avoids things that are not good or unexpected that will have an impact on the Al Bariyah mosque.
Supervision in the management of the mosque supports the achievement of organizational goals by taking action and setting performance standards. The purpose of leadership is to avoid deviations, errors, and misappropriation of the plans to be achieved (Abidin, 2015;Irma et al., 2015;Alfetah et al., 2018). The existence of supervision of every activity held at the mosque can make these activities run correctly and always be the subject of evaluation of the takmir of the mosque and the surrounding community to implement it better in the future. Thus, community empowerment is also well-directed, and they can carry out their duties. In addition to the mosque as an active learning centre for children, the albariyah mosque also has activities that are often carried out both in commemoration of Islamic Masjid Al Bariyah also conducts training on the repatriation of corpses, mosque administration training and social activities, including; lending mosque rooms for religious studies or activities, infaq and shadaqoh for the needy, and orphan compensation.
Actively involve the community in every mosque activity that has been planned There are several activities in the field of social religion and education whose process is to build cooperation between the administrators of the Takmir of Masjid Al Bariyah and the surrounding community. The results obtained by the study, the recitation of children in the afternoon, which was guided directly by ustadz from a proselytizing organization that already had a cooperation permit with takmir so that the management provided infrastructure for children to study and learn religion in the mosque so that these children could develop their potential in memorizing the Quran.
Apart from children's recitations, the mosque has an Islamic studies program every Thursday and Sunday night that is attended by the surrounding community. This systematic study is directly managed by the takmir of the mosque, called the Al Bariyah Youth Assembly, namely youth and mosque administrators who work as lecturers, academic staff and students who also live and live around the mosque. Here Hajimena mosque as the primary driver of activities in the mosque.
The construction of this mosque in the Hajimena area in addition to aiming to meet the needs of worship facilities as well as a centre for community empowerment in the Hajimena village area and a place for proselytizing by the academic community.
The construction of this mosque is expected to build interaction between the academic community and the surrounding community (Gale, 2004(Gale, , 2005Roitman & Recio, 2020).

Establishment of transparent, professional and accountable mosque management
The managerial process at the Al Bariyah Mosque is a planning process; after the activity plan has been prepared, the following action taken by the leadership or Chairman of the takmir is to direct and mobilize all members to carry out the activities that have been determined immediately, and the community who has been involved in the implementation of the Al Bariyah mosque activity program but not included in the management structure is moved directly by members of the program section so that what has become a goal is really achieved. Planning the first step of carrying out a series of other activities in this process will determine things related to what will be done, by whom, when, where, and how to do it (Sulaiman et al., 2008;Wan Alwi et al., 2008;Bengtsson, 2016). Process planning is when mosque leaders draw up strategic plans to determine effective measures for the sake of the future and plan various alternative activities according to the circumstances of the pilgrims (Wahyuni, 2015;Mubarok, 2017). According to research Iswanto et al., (2019), The importance of empowering mosques to better manage existing programs in mosques, especially for new mosques that will be occupied later and can contribute and provide assistance so that the management of mosques is well structured.
In planning a mature program, an organization can run purposefully and regularly so that at the next stage, it can achieve the goals that have been set effectively and efficiently (Taufiqurokhman, 2008;Rachman, 2015;Nurislamiah, 2021 programs and activities will be carried out in accordance with the needs of the community and the setting of goals and objectives of the program implemented.
The planning implemented by The Al Bariyah Mosque is quite effective and efficient because in executing the work program planned a year earlier, the Chairman of the takmir of the mosque and his staff have compiled and arranged the steps to be carried out, although there is also a program planning that is momentum in nature not planned a year in advance. This is hereby implemented for the achievement of the objectives and also the efforts of the revival of the Al Bariyah mosque. In realizing the planning of the takmir work program of the Al Bariyah Mosque, several programs were carried out.
As is in the theory that achieving a goal must start with planning, which is divided into three, namely medium and long short-term planning. According to Mustofa et al., (2017)  The fencing function becomes essential in the most dominant management in the process of implementation and supervision in an organization, in this case, the direction of the mosque (Bakar et al., 2020;Zoellner et al., 2021). The application of this function in an organization means that the management process of realizing goals  (Wekke et al., 2018;MahdiNejad et al., 2020;Ulama, 2022). So that in implementing this function is very difficult, complicated, and complex because the management cannot be fully mastered (Hasibuan, 2011). Based on the discussion of theories and research results that have been explained regarding the management of academic-based mosques in improving community empowerment at the Al Bariyah Hajimena Natar Mosque, it was discussed that: The planning was implemented by the management of the Al Bariyah Hajimena Natar Mosque in order to carry out the work program planned a year or a few months earlier; the Chairman of takmir and his management staff have compiled and made the steps to be carried out. In realizing the planning of the takmir activity program of the Al Bariyah Mosque, it carries out several stages, starting from the determination of the daily, weekly, monthly, and annual programs, the activity committee, the targets of the activities, and the technical movements.
The organization of the takmir of the Al Bariyah Hajimena Natar Mosque is carried out through the selection of administrators, the determination of positions, and the division of work duties in carrying out activities so that the tasks that have been given to each administrator can run in a coordinated manner, the formation of a structure to carry out its duties in achieving the goals of the organization.
The implementation of the program in improving community empowerment has several stages, namely providing motivation, guidance or direction, organizing communication, and establishing relationships between members of the takmir Chairman and its members, between the takmir of Masjid Al Bariyah with the community, institutions and communities.

Conclusion
Program planning at Masjid Al Bariyah is more clearly designed regarding the formulation of goals before determining the programs of mosque activities and identifying programs so that when implementing the program can be easily implemented systematically. Organizing significantly affects the prosperity and performance of the organization because the Al Bariyah Mosque is an academic mosque managed by the academic community who have other academic responsibilities, so some takmirs handle the mosque only the rest of the time.
Therefore, it is hoped that all mosque administrators can further maximize their performance and set a schedule to run the program according to their goals. To continue to study and deepen the sciences of da'wah management, significantly to develop the development of community management science furthermore clearly and broadly, because researchers only focus on a few dimensions of the Al Bariyah Hajimena Mosque, there are still many exciting things to know and develop by the academic community of the campus.