Design of Character Building for Learners in Boarding Schools In West Sumatera

This study aims to see how the school management in developing the character of students in one of the boarding school in West Sumatera. This study uses qualitative methods with a case study approach. Sources of data were taken to 38 informants consisting of 8 elements of the school namely the principal, teacher, boarding supervisor, security and cleaning service, canteen keeper, students and parents. All data obtained by in-depth interviews with all informants, the authors also took data through direct observation at the research site. Overall the results of the study show that there are seven character values instilled by the school, namely religious character, curiosity, discipline, confidence, responsibility, independence and honesty. The seven character values are instilled through twelve activities such as tahsin and tahfidzd Al-Quran, worship services, prayers in congregation, learning clinics, training and guidance, Arabic and English communication programs in the dormitory, motivation, joint sports, mutual cooperation and daily activities. Character building design as implemented by the school, it turns out that it is able to change the behavior of students in a more positive direction such as manners, discipline, obedience to worship, obedient to the rules, clean and tidy life, daring to appear, regular life, and honest behavior. This means that the school has succeeded in fostering the character education of students through various activities and all these activities are well planned by the cooperation of all elements of the school. The author considers the design to be emulated by other schools as a guide in fostering the character of students.


Introduction
Character is the character, character or personality of a person who is characteristic of himself and formed through the internalization of values, which is done both in the family, school and society (Murphy, 2002). In general, characters can be reflected in a person's behavior when socializing with his environment (Lapsley & Power, 2005;Murniyetti et al. 2016). A person can be said to have a good character if in him shows behavior in accordance with the standards and social norms set out in a community community both from the aspect of religion and social issues in every situation (Berkowitz, 2002;Pala, 2011;Afifah et al. 2018;Agusti et al. 2018).
According to Lickona (1999), Majid, & Andayani, (2011), Kesuma, (2011 said there are ten signs of the times that need to be aware of because it will bring the nation to the brink of destruction, these 10 signs are: 1) Increased violence among teenagers. 2) Use of bad words and nonstandard language.
3) Group influence in acts of violence. 4) Increased self-destructive behavior, drugs, alcohol and free sex. 5) The decline in good and bad morals. 6) Decreasing work ethic.
7) The lower respect for parents and teachers. 8) Low sense of individual and group responsibility. 9) The risk of lies/dishonesty. 10 There is mutual suspicion and hatred among others.
If we look at the reality that is happening to the Indonesian people at this time, then the ten moral decadences above occur in the realm of society. It is precisely according to the writers of the Indonesian nation that it is in dire need of fostering character education in order to rebuild Indonesia's positive character so that it can be released from the rampant moral crisis.
Education is one of the effective ways in shaping the character of students, so naturally the implementation of education in schools has the essence of value education related to the character education of students themselves. According to Muslich (2011) the three important roles of the young generation in the effort to develop national character are youth as a positive builder of national character, youth as empowering character and youth as character engineers in line with the need for competitiveness to strengthen the resilience of the nation Ryan & Bohlin, 1999).
School is an institution that plays an important role in forming the character of students. Many ways to build the character of students in the school. One of the ways is to foster character through various activities well-planned and mature.
According to the authors character building can be said to be effective if the results achieved in these activities are in accordance with the objectives set. In simple terms, the measure of the effectiveness of character building is the achievement of the stated objectives of the activity (Benninga et al. 2003).
In the context of Islamic education the actual character building must start from within a family. So it is not surprising if a child gets intense character building Khalifa: Journal of Islamic Education :: Volume 3, Number 1, March 2019/1440 P-ISSN : 2541-6588 ; E-ISSN : 2549-4783 that will make him have a positive character and will develop rooted in him (Hakim, 2014;Zulmuqim, 2018).
From the various results of the research the authors have collected, there are currently various forms of moral decadence of the young generation of the nation.
The decadence at least illustrates the fragility of Indonesia's young generation's personal character. First, drug abuse. There are 3.8 to 4.2 million drug users in Indonesia among students. Of these drug users 48% were addicts and 52% were merely trial and consumer (BNN, 2012;Murniyetti et al. 2016). Second, pornography, 64% students study sex through porn movies and pirate DVD. As a result, 39% of respondents aged 15-19 years and 25% aged 20-25 years have had sex (KPAI, 2016). Third, free sex, 800 types of pornographic videos produced by domestically, 90% of the videos are played by students KPAI, (2016). Fourth, abortion cases, almost 2.4 million occur every year or (700-800 thousand), and the perpetrators are from teenagers (Nindya & Margaretha, 2012;Ikhsanifa, 2014). Fifth, prostitution, 150,000 children under the 18 years of age become sex workers, half of these sex workers are under 18 years of age, while 50,000 of them have not reached the age of 16 years of age (KPAI, 2016). Sixth, student brawls, in 2012 there were 139 brawls, even 12 of them caused death, and in 2011 out of 339 cases of brawls caused 82 children to die (KPA1, 2016). Seventh, motorcycle gangs, gambling, motorcycle gang bets range from 5 to 25 million rupiah per illegal street racing, the effects is around 60 people die each year (Damri et al. 2017).
Various data and research results of researchers as illustrated above shows the fact that nowadays society, especially parents, are more concerned with brain intelligence than the character building of their children. (Cherniss & Goleman, 2001). Whereas Megawangi (2004) explains that parents who fail in educating their children's character may be caused by busyness or because they are more concerned with the cognitive aspects of the child, therefore the school is one of the leading Boarding schools have their own advantages from public or schools where students do not live in dormitories. Among the advantages of boarding schools is that having a religious education curriculum is more dominant than general education, students are not easily affected by an environment that is not good, the school is free to make the desired program and students can be controlled for 24 hours to facilitate communication between teachers and students (Zulmuqim, 2018).
So according to the author in reality, the formation of the characteristics of the dormitory students is still not effective. This can be seen from the behavior of boarding students who climb the dormitory fence, smoke in a dormitory environment and have a small gang in a dormitory environment. The problems of the students above cannot be separated from the conditions of the students before entering the dormitory. Therefore, with the various behaviors of the students that are seen, character building is needed continuously as long as the students are in the dormitory environment. Based on the fact that Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 1 Padang Panjang West Sumatera provides continuous character building to boarding students, the authors feel the need to study further about how the school's strategy

Method
This study uses qualitative methods through a case study approach.
According to Yin (1993) case studies are appropriate to use if researchers want to see and explore the results of a program or activity that has been carried out.
Whereas Denzin & Lincoln (1994) state that research design like this can help researchers understand problems in a deep and complex manner. The source of research data was taken to thirty-eight informants consisting of eight elements of the school namely the principal, teacher, boarder, board and security unit, canteen keeper, students and parents. All data obtained by in-depth interviews with all informants, the authors also took data through direct observation at the research site.
All data collected through in-depth interviews are analyzed thematically.
Thematic analysis is one of the more flexible ways to identify, analyze, and report qualitative research data (Braun & Clarke, 2012). The thematic analysis design starts from the transcription process of interviews, data reduction, grouping data into a theme, then reported in the form of dialogue or team verbs ).

Finding and Discussion
Based on the results of interviews with all informants and the author's observations while conducting the research, the overall results of the study showed that there were seven character values instilled by the school namely religious character, curiosity, discipline, confidence, responsibility, independence and honesty. The seven character values were instilled through twelve activities such as tahsin and tahfidz Al-Quran, worship services, congregational prayers, learning  reading of students to be better and more correct in reading the Al-Quran. The passage of interviews with informants can be seen in the following table 1.1: Second: namely, curiosity character building, according to the informant this activity was carried out through clinical activities learning with the process of understanding and training. According to the informant, the character of this curiosity will be formed by providing understanding of the material to the students will make students better understand, as well as habituation done by the teacher such as telling students to do the exercises questions, so that students are accustomed to looking know the answers to the questions made by students. The passage of interviews with informants can be seen in table 1.2 below: The results of Syahdara's research (2013), Setyorni (2016) and Roihan (2016) found that the implementation of character education in the dormitory needs to be systematically and continuously designed and supported by the school in various forms of business and activities. Therefore, according to the author, the boarding board has carried out various kinds of efforts in fostering the character of boarding students through understanding, guidance, rules, application, habituation, reward and punishment, motivation, reprimand, advice, supervision, exemplary and media.
The results of this study have illustrated that, the strategy of character building for students conducted by the school at Padang Panjang State Islamic School creative and try their best to design and carry out coaching so that the desired goals are achieved well.

Conclusion
The importance of fostering character education for students is an indisputable necessity, so it is appropriate that the coaching activities are carried out in a planned, systematic, professional and sustainable manner. There are no standard rules in fostering the character of students. Then various ways and efforts can be made by the school so that character values can become permanent behavior for students in the future.