Implementation of Talaqqi , Sima’i , Wahdah , Talqin and Kitabah Methods in Memorizing the Qur’an: How Do Teachers Guide Students

Becoming a memorizer (hafizd) of the Qur’ an is not an easy matter, because it requires sincere intentions, sincerity, determination, hard work, strong motivation and of course using the right method. Regarding the method of memorizing the Qur’an, there are actually many methods that can be chosen and implemented when someone memorizes the Qur’an. This study aims to identify whether the method of memorizing the Qur'an used by teachers in guiding students in memorizing the Qur'an at the Qur'an memorizing institution Fastabiqul Khairat Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Sources of data were taken through in-depth interviews with five informants (teachers and students), to support the interview data the author also conducted observations and directly interacted with informants in various Qur’anic activities at the research location. All interview results were then analyzed thematically using NVivo12 qualitative analysis software. The research findings found five methods used by teachers in guiding students in mem orizing the Qur’an. The five methods are: i) Talaqq Method, ii) Sima’i, iii) Wahdah, iv) Kitabah, and v) Talqin. In addition, the research findings also prove that the selection of the right method has succeeded in delivering successful students to become a memorizer (hafizd) of the Qur’an.


Introduction
The word method is adopted from the Greek (Yunani) word methodos which means the way or path taken (Asy'ari, 2017;Burhanuddin, 2018;Chalik, 2020;Juhriansyah, 2022). In connection with the study of science, the method is a way of working so that an object can be understood following the field of science concerned.
In English, it is said that method means way (Alek, 2014;Westhisi, 2019). The right and most efficient way of doing something is called a method (Ilyas, 2020;Akhmar et al., 2021). Experts define several definitions of the method, among others, Nisa & Indriana, (2022) in explaining that the method is an orderly and well-thought-out way to achieve a goal. The word method in Arabic is also known as the word Tariqoh which means strategic steps that are prepared to do a job so that it is structured neatly.
In the Big Indonesian Dictionary, what is meant by the method is the regular way used to do a job so that it is achieved as desired (Lahir et al., 2017;Anjustian et al., 2020). According to the author, the method in the memorization process is as a tool to achieve the goal, the formulation of the goal as clearly as possible is the most important requirement before someone determines and chooses the right memorization method. If a teacher chooses an inappropriate memorization method, it will cause a blur of goals which causes difficulties in choosing and determining the method to be used. In addition, educators are also required to know and master several methods in the hope of not only mastering the theoretical method but also being able to choose the right method to be able to operate it well.
According to the term, word memorization is basically the word memorized which means stored in memory or in the words it is easy to pronounce text or bookmarks like outside the head (Akhmar, 2021). According to Gade, (2014) ; Rahmi, has memorized the Qur'an and understands the contents, immediately there are problems he faces, so they can be easily solved. Susianti (2017); Mundiri & Zahra (2017); Anwar & Hafiyana (2018) in their research stated that memorization is a form or part and process of remembering which has the meaning of absorbing or attaching knowledge. The ability to memorize the Qur'an means the ability to maintain the Qur'an as a revelation of Allah SWT through the process of incorporating the lafaz-lafaz of the Qur'anic verses following the rules of reading the Qur'an into the mind so that they can remember and recite them again without looking at the manuscript (mushaf) or writings. Based on the author's view, there are several criteria for people to memorize the Qur'an first, there must be a sincere intention to memorize. Second, having determination and patience. Third, being able to read the Qur'an properly and correctly according to the rules of tajwid science. Fourth, abstain from immorality and despicable qualities. Fifth, good memorization and time management, and sixth istiqomah. These six criteria must be owned by everyone who wants to memorize the Qur'an (Husein, 2019). Atika et al., (2017); Rahmalia (2018) explains that the highest level of interaction with the Qur'an is by memorizing it. Psychologists such as Toyibah (2017); Stiyamulyani and Jumini (2018); Rahmalia et al., (2018) the activity of memorizing the Qur'an influences a person's psychology, because memorizing the Qur'an in addition to requiring adequate cognitive abilities also requires strength and straight intentions. Everyone has different abilities in memorizing the Qur'an, some are quick to memorize but some take a long time to memorize.
According to Muhammad et al., (2016) ;Farikhah, (2017) talaqqi is learning religious knowledge directly from a teacher who has the competence of knowledge, tsiqah, and dhabit and has a scholarly sanad that is muttashil up to Rasulullah Shallaahu 'Alaihi Wa Sallam through scholars "Aalimin "Aarifin". The Tallaqi method is to deposit or listen to the newly memorized memorization to a teacher or instructor (Kartika, 2019;Haryani & Sholeh, 2019). The teacher must be a hafiz of the Al-Qur'an, have an established religion and knowledge, and is known to be able to take  (Kartika, 2019). Tallaqi is a way of conveying the reading of the Qur'an in a mushafahah way (the child sees the movement of the teacher's lips exactly), which is directly facing the student in a calm and comfortable sitting position, then the teacher guides the child to repeat the memorization the verse that is recited by listening to the child until the child really understands (Susianti, 2017).
The Wahdah method is a method of memorizing the Qur'an by memorizing one by one the verses to be memorized (Khoirunnisa, 2016). To achieve initial memorization, each verse can be read ten times, or twenty times, or more so that this process can form patterns in the image, but until it actually forms reflex movements in the mouth. After really memorizing then proceed to the next verses in the same way.
And so on until it reaches one face. After the verses in one face have been memorized, then it is this turn to memorize the sequences of verses in one face. To memorize this, the next step is to read and repeat the sheet until it is truly verbal and able to reproduce the verses in one face naturally or through reflection. And so on, so that the more it is repeated, the more representative the quality of the memorization will be. So simply the Wahdah method is a method for memorizing the Qur'an by memorizing verses one by one repeatedly until they are completely memorized, then proceeding to the next verse in the same way (Susianti, 2017).
The Kitabah method is to rewrite the verses of the Qur'an to be memorized. The Kitabah method is memorizing by writing the verses to be memorized on a piece of paper, then the verses are read and memorized. In this method, the student first writes verses he will memorize on a piece of paper that has been prepared for him, then he reads the verses until they read smoothly and correctly, and then he memorizes them.
The Sima'i method, which is listening to the reading to be memorized by listening to the teacher read the verses to be memorized, recording the teacher's voice reading it with a recording device such as a tape recorder, cellphone, or the like then listening to it repeatedly until it is memorized, after that it is only deposited (Susianti, 2017).
The Talqin method is how the teacher reads, then the students imitate, and if wrong is justified by the teacher (Susianti, 2017). According to the author, this method is needed by students whose learning method uses audio. By listening to repeated readings, the speed of the memory will function. As stated by one of the students, the Talqin method is favored by children and some of the adult santri (students). Children who have not yet mastered the reading of the Qur'an are also easy to catch words and sounds, which can support the achievement of children's memorization. Based on the description above the writer can conclude that in the process of memorizing the Qur'an, many methods can be used. By choosing the most methods, it is hoped that memorizing the Qur'an will be more effective, efficient, and fun.

Literature Review
The art of the Qur'an in the language is reading or what is read. The word Al-Qur'an is taken from isim Masdar which means with the meaning of the isim maf'ul that is maqru" (which is read). According to the term, Al-Qur'an is the name of the kalamullah that was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad SAW written in a mushaf (Khalid, 2017). The Al-Qur'an is the only holy book whose authenticity is guaranteed by Allah SWT since it was revealed to Prophet Muhammad SAW until the end of the world. Allah says in Q.S Al-Hijr 9: The meaning: That it is Allah who sent down the Qur'an for mankind to Prophet Muhammad SAW and Allah will protect its authenticity and purity by not playing around. This is one of the advantages of the Qur'an compared to other books that were first revealed to Allah's messenger. However, even though Allah guarantees that the Qur'an will not change until the Day of Judgement (Kiamat Days), it is the responsibility and obligation of Muslims to preserve the purity of the Qur'an and the hands of the ignorant and the enemies of Islam. Al-Qur'an and they will continue to do it (Arifin, 2019). Memorizing the Al-Qur'an as a whole is a good effort, the real ikhtiar of Muslims in the process of preserving the Al-Qur'an.
Based on the research entitled Effective Method of Memorizing the Qur'an for students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (a literature review) it was found that several well- Sleman Program, the results found that there was a significant effect between tahfidz ability on recognizing the Hijaiyah alphabet (Prathiwi and Syamsudin, 2021).

Based on the research entitled improving the Learning Achievement of
Memorizing the Qur'an through the Talaqqi Method in MTSN Gampong Teungoh, North Aceh, it was found that the application of the Talaqqi Method in learning the Qur'an was effective. Therefore, it can be an alternative that can be applied by Qur'an Hadist teachers not only at MTSN Gampong Teungoh, North Aceh but also can be implemented in other schools (Qawi, 2017).

Method
This research uses a qualitative method approach with a case study design, problems that the author raised in this study; the research is very appropriate to use.
Sources of data were taken to two informants who are teachers at the home of Tahfidz researchers, and honestly providing information following the facts that occurred in the field.
After the interview was completed, all informants were taken, then the interview data transcript process was carried out to then take themes according to the objectives and needs of the research data. According to Terry et al., (2017); Engkizar et al., interview results so that they can be seen clearly and easily understood by readers. The all-process thematic analysis was carried out using NVivo12 qualitative analysis software. The use of NVivo12 qualitative analysis software aims to display the research results (themes) with graphs or images produced by the NVivo software used.
Thematic analysis can be done with the help of NVivo software so that researchers can easily display research results (Azeem et al., 2012;Castleberry, 2014;Zamawe, 2015;Eriyanti et al., 2020;.

Findings and Discussions
Based on the results of the author's interview with two teacher informants at Tahfidz Fastabiqul Khairat Indonesia's, the results of the analysis actually found that there were five methods of memorizing the Qur'an at Fastabiqul Khairat Indonesia, the five methods can be seen in figure 1, below:  Furthermore, so that the results of the research and discussion in these articles are more interesting to read and easy to understand, the authors will present excerpt interviews with informants based on one main theme which is divided into five methods that have been obtained. The description of the interview that the author display is an excerpt from a brief statement from the informant when the interview was conducted. The interview excerpt, even though the informant presented in a slightly different language editorial, actually had the same purpose and intent. The main theme is that in general the methods of memorizing the Qur'an are; Talaqqi, Sima'i, Wahdah, Kitabah, and Talqin methods.
To make it more interesting, in the following the writer will describe excerpts from interviews with informants based on five themes as described above. The description of the interview that will be displayed by the author is an excerpt of the interview, although the informants conveyed them in slightly different language editorials, actually having more or less the same purpose and intent.

. ana (me) memorize using the cleric's (Ustadzah) voice recording
The third theme, is (Wahdah Method), according to informants one of the methods of memorizing the Qur'an is the Wahdah Method. The Wahdah Method, this stated by two people as informants as excerpts of the interview in the following This research is related to the method of memorizing the Qur'an, as the author has mentioned earlier in the process of memorizing the Qur'an. Many methods can be used.
The first method Talaqqi, is to deposit or listen to a newly memorized memorization to a teacher or instructor. The teacher must be a hafidz of the Qur'an and has established his religion and it's disgusting, and is known to be able to take care of himself (Hidayah, 2020). The Talaqqi method is how to convey the recitation of the Qur'an with Musyafahah (Children see the teacher's mother's movements correctly) that is dealing directly with students in a quiet and comfortable sitting position, then the teacher guides the child to repeat the verses read by listening to the child until the child memorizes it (Susianti, 2017).
Talaqqi is Learning the science of religion directly to teachers who have scientific competence, tsiqah, dhabit and have scientific sanad that is muttashil to the messenger of Rasulullah SAW through the Ulama, Aalimin, Aarifin" (Shamsul et al., 2021). Talaqqi method is a method that is more often used by people to memorize the Qur'an, because this method includes two very decisive factors, cooperation between the teacher and students (Mashud, 2019;Novebri & Dewi, 2020).
Talaqqi is a way of learning and teaching the Qur'an from Rasulullah SAW to another friend, and then by them passed in the next generation until now. This method is proven to be the most complete in teaching the correct reading of the Qur'an, and the most easily accepted by all circles. This method is proof of the histones of the authenticity of the Qur'an which comes from Allah SWT. Talaqqi and in terms of language taken and in words, namely learning face to face with the teacher.
It is also often called mushafahah, which means word of mouth (students learn the Qur'an by paying attention to the teacher's movements to get the correct makhraj pronunciation (Qawi, 2017 That is: Say to those who disbelieve "why was the Qur'an not revealed to him only once?" so that way we may strengthen your heart with it and you recite it tartil (regularly and correctly).
Through this talaqqi method, later memorizing the Qur'an can run effectively, so that the desired result is realized, namely being a Qur'anic, and being able to memorize it. The Talaqqi Method, also often called mushafahah is a teaching method in which the take and face to face directly, individually. The Talaqqi method is based on events that occurred when the messenger Rasulullah SAW and other prophets were able to accept the teachings of Allah SWT.
There are several advantages of the Talaqqi method; first makes it easier for teachers to choose the right way to convey knowledge because meeting directly between teachers and students, makes it easier for teachers to recognize the personalities of students. Second, the existence of talaqqi is an important part of the spread of Islam, because there are parts that other teaching methods cannot have, such as mutual understanding between teachers and students, and so on.
From the discussion above, it can be concluded that the characteristics of this talaqqi method are methods that are applied directly face to face by a teacher to his students in a class or study room, where a student sits in front of his teacher to listen to the reading of the Quran on the condition that it is face to face without intercession.
The second sima'i is a method of listening to something and reading to memorize it. This method will be very effective for memorizers who have extra  (Arfah, 2020). The sima'i method is to first record the verses that will be memorized onto a cassette according to their needs and abilities. Then the cassette is played and listened to carefully while following it slowly, then repeated so that the verses are memorized (by heart). After the memorization is good enough, then move on to the following verses (Hajarman, 2017). The sima'i method can be done with two alternatives, namely, hearing from the teacher who guides him, especially for blind memorizers, or children. In this case, the instructor is required to play an active, patient, and thorough role in reading one verse by heart to memorize it, so that the memorizer can memorize it perfectly (Hartatik, 2020). The sima'i method has many advantages including this method will be very effective for memorizing the blind, and children, and for taking (repeating verses that have been memorized). In addition to the advantages, of course, the Sima'i method also has many shortcomings, including those who memorize the Quran must have friends or accompanying teachers to memorize the Quran while also providing tools such as tapes to listen to readings or verses to be memorized (Tamrin, 2019).
The three methods of wahdah, what is meant by this method is memorizing them one by one the verses to be memorized. To achieve initial memorization, each verse can be read ten times or twenty times or more so that this process can form a pattern in its image. After completely memorizing, they proceed to the next verses in the same way, and so on until they reach one face with reflex movements in their mouth. After that, it is continued to read and repeat the sheet until it is truly verbal and can produce the verses in one face naturally, or reflex and will eventually form representative memorization (Badruzaman, 2019). The word Wahdah comes from Arabic which means unity, and from the word Wahid which means one. The Wahdah method is memorizing one by one the verses to be memorized. To achieve initial memorization, each verse can be read ten times, twenty times, or more so that this process can form a pattern in its image. Thus, the memorizer will be able to condition the verses he has memorized not only in his imagination but to form reflex movements in his mouth (Akbar & Hidayatullah, 2016).
The four methods of the Kitabah. The method of the book is to rewrite the verses of the Quran that have been memorized. The Kitabah method is memorizing by writing the verses to be memorized on a piece of paper, then the verses are read and then memorized. In this method, students first write the verses that they will memorize on a piece of paper that has been provided for them, then read the verses so that they are read smoothly and correctly, then memorize them (Susianti, 2017). This Kitabah method is quite practical and good because, in addition to reading orally, the visual aspect of writing will also be very helpful in strengthening the formation of memorization patterns in the image. In the early stages of development, a child often has sensory experiences. Through sensory experiences, children have learned to handle all materials gently. Sensory experiences at this early age are the basis for children to learn to write. So it is not uncommon to find a child who pours all his ideas through doodles. This potential can be used by teachers to help them improve their writing skills, including Arabic writing. Writing is a fun game for four-year-olds.
At this early age, a child is very eager to learn and master these skills.
The steps of the Kitabah method are: first, a Tahfidz teacher prepares class conditions calmly. Second, the teacher asks students to prepare books and pencils, then students are instructed to write down the verses of the Quran that they want to memorize. For example, today you want to memorize Surah Alkausar, then students must write Surah Al-Kausar verses 1-3 with the guidance of a Tahfidz teacher. Third, after finishing writing, the students read together with the guidance of a Tahfidz teacher. Fourth, if it is fluent and correct in reading the verses of the Qur'an, then students memorize the verses that have been written earlier. Fifth, after memorizing well and smoothly, students are required to deposit their memorization to the Tahfidz teacher Zamzami, 2021). Fifth (talqin method) Talqin is linguistically a mashdar form of laqqana-yulaqqinutalqinan which means to dictate or to give an example to be imitated (Nurhasanah, 2022). At this stage, the teacher reads the verses of the Quran repeatedly which will be memorized by the child until the child can understand and memorize it slowly (Dahliani & Sitorus, 2019). In this case, the teacher dictates the first verse of the reading in front of the students, Students imitate the first verse that has been exemplified by the teacher, the teacher dictates the second verse of the reading, and Students imitate the second verse that has been exemplified by the teacher, The teacher dictates by combining the first and second verses, Students imitate the two verses correctly, the teacher dictates the third verse of the reading, students imitate the third verse that has been exemplified by the teacher, the teacher dictates the first to third verses of the reading, students imitate the three verses correctly. Steps 6, 7, 8, and 9 are applied to the following verses until 5-10 lines are complete. Students are given time to memorize the reading, according to what the previous teacher dictated. After students can memorize the reading, it is submitted to the teacher (Supriono & Rusdiani, 2019;Hakim, 2019;.

Conclusion
This research has succeeded in obtaining five methods of memorizing the Quran at Tahfidz Fastabiqul Khairat's house. The five methods are talaqqi, sima'i, wahdah, talqin and kitabah methods. The five findings in this study can at least be a reference and guide for future researchers in examining issues relevant to this context and different issues.